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The Mạc dynasty ((ベトナム語:Nhà Mạc); Hán Việt: 莫朝, ''Mạc Triều''), ruled the whole of Vietnam (then known as Đại Việt) between 1527 and 1533 and northern part of the country from 1533 until 1592, when they lost control over the capital Hanoi for the last time.〔Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker ''The A to Z of Vietnam'' 1461731925 2010 Page 437 "Mạc Dynasty: Mạc Thái Tổ (Mạc Đăng Dung) (1527-30), Mạc Thái Tông (Mạc Đăng Doanh) (1530-40), Mạc Hiến Tông (Mạc Phúc Hải) (1540-46), Mạc Tuyên Tông (Mạc Phúc Nguyên) (1546-64), ruler without imperial titles: Mạc Mậu Hợp (1564-92)."〕 Later Mạc representatives ruled over the province of Cao Bằng (with the direct support of the Manchu Qing dynasty) until 1677. ==Mạc Đăng Dung== The founder of the Mạc dynasty was a man who was related to a famous Trần dynasty Confucian scholar named Mạc Đĩnh Chi. Unlike his ancestor, Mạc Đăng Dung chose to enter the military and ascended the ranks to become the senior general in the Vietnamese army. Later he seized power in a coup d'état and ruled Vietnam from 1527 till his death in 1541. Officially he resigned his position as Emperor in favor of his son but the reality was, he continued to rule.〔''Vietnam: The Revolutionary Path'' by Thomas Hodgkin, 1981〕 (詳細はLê Uy Mục (around 1506). Over time, despite the deaths of several emperors, Mạc Đăng Dung increased his power and gained many supporters. However, he also gained the enmity of other rivals for power. Around 1520, a civil war started. This war would last, with occasional breaks, for the next 150 years. Apparently fearing the growing ambition of Mạc Đăng Dung, the young Emperor, Lê Chiêu Tông, fled to the south. A revolt started with the Trịnh and the Nguyễn families claiming to support the Emperor against the power of Mạc Đăng Dung. Mạc Đăng Dung responded by proclaimed the Emperor's younger brother, Prince Xuan, was now the true Emperor and installed as Emperor under the name Lê Cung Hoàng. The revolt was ended, temporarily, when Mạc Đăng Dung's forces captured and executed Lê Chiêu Tông along with the leaders of the revolt. In 1527 Mạc Đăng Dung removed the figurehead Emperor he had installed earlier and proclaimed himself as the new Emperor under the title Minh Đức. This usurpation of the throne from the rightful Lê Emperors was not well received by the officials in the government. Some were killed, some committed suicide, some fled to the south to join a new revolt by the Trịnh and the Nguyễn against the Mạc Emperors. A new revolt began, and both sides tried to pull in allies, mainly the Ming dynasty but also from King Phothisarat I of Lan Xang (modern-day Laos). Mạc Đăng Dung, through submissive diplomacy and massive bribes, convinced the Ming not to attack in 1528. He then abdicated his position as Emperor in favor of his son, Mạc Đăng Doanh a year later. However, this was done purely to solidify his son's claim to rule after he was gone. In reality Mạc Đăng Dung continued to rule with the title of ''Senior Emperor'' (Viet: Thái thượng hoàng). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mạc dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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